Athelstan
Æthelstan, also spelled as Athelstan, was an Anglo-Saxon king who reigned from 924 to 939. He is considered the first King of England and was the son of Edward the Elder. Athelstan is known for unifying the kingdoms of Wessex, Mercia, and Northumbria, laying the foundation for the Kingdom of England. His reign was marked by military achievements and political consolidation. He played a significant role in the establishment of England as a unified nation. Athelstan's legacy as a powerful and effective ruler has earned him a prominent place in English history.
Edmund
Edmund I, also known as Edmund the Deed-Doer or Edmund the Magnificent, was King of the English from October 27, 939, until his death on May 26, 946. Born around 920 or 921, he was the elder son of King Edward the Elder and his third wife, Eadgifu, and a grandson of Alfred the Great. His reign was marked by efforts to reclaim areas of northern England from Viking occupation and to maintain the political unification of England achieved by his predecessor and half-brother, Æthelstan. Edmund was successful in recapturing the Midlands after the Norse king of Dublin, Olaf Guthfrithson, died in 942, and in 944 he regained Northumbria. He also captured Strathclyde in 945 and entrusted it to Malcolm I, king of Scots, in return for a promise of military support. Edmund's reign contributed to the 10th-century monastic revival in England. His rule ended abruptly when he was murdered at the age of 25 by an exiled thief named Leofa during a feast at Pucklechurch, Gloucestershire. Edmund was succeeded by his brother, Eadred, and was buried at Glastonbury.
Eadred
Eadred, born around 923, was the son of Edward the Elder and his third wife, Eadgifu. His elder brother, Edmund, was killed in 946, leaving Eadred to ascend to the throne of England. Edmund's sons, Eadwig and Edgar, were too young to rule, making Eadred the chosen successor. Eadred was crowned on August 16, 946, at Kingston-upon-Thames. Despite facing political instability and threats of invasions, Eadred's reign was marked by significant military victories and administrative reforms. He ruled England until his death in 955.
Eadwig
Eadwig, the son of King Edmund and Queen Ælfgifu of Shaftesbury, ascended to the throne of England in 955 at the age of 15. He succeeded his uncle Eadred, who died in 955, and was succeeded by his nephew Edgar. Eadwig's reign was marked by conflicts with nobles and clergy, including the powerful archbishops Dunstan and Oda. He was described as a wanton youth who misused his personal beauty through lascivious behaviour. Eadwig's inappropriate relationships led to feuds with the nobility and clergy. He was born around 940 and became king at the age of 15.
Edgar
Edgar, also known as Edgar the Peaceful, ruled England from 959 to 975. He was the son of King Edmund I and succeeded his brother Eadwig to the throne. Edgar is remembered for his role in the monastic reform movement and for his strong and overbearing rule, which earned him high praise from contemporary and later monastic chroniclers. He was a unifying figure, and his carefully planned coronation in 973 was a significant event, attended by six kings of Britain, symbolizing their allegiance to him. Edgar's reign was marked by stability and prosperity, and he is often referred to as a peaceful and influential king.
Edward the Martyr
Edward the Martyr, born around 962, ascended to the throne of England on July 8, 975, at the age of 13, following the death of his father, King Edgar. His reign was short-lived, as he was murdered on March 18, 978, at the age of 16. Edward's legitimacy as king was doubtful, and he faced rival claims to the throne, notably from his half-brother Æthelred. His tragic death at a young age cut short his reign and left a legacy as a martyr. The circumstances of his ascension and untimely death have been the subject of historical interest and speculation.
Athelred the Unready
Ethelred the Unready, also known as Aethelred II, ascended to the throne of England in 978 AD. He was the son of King Edgar and became king at a young age, following the assassination of his half-brother, King Edward the Martyr. His reign was marked by the Danish invasions, and he was unable to effectively resist them, leading to his eventual loss of the throne to the Danish king Sweyn I in 1013. However, he was later restored to the throne in 1014 after Sweyn's death. Ethelred's rule was characterised by a series of blunders and bad counsel, which led to his unflattering epithet "the Unready" or "ill-advised."
Edmund Ironside
Edmund Ironside, also known as Edmund II, was King of the English from April 23 to November 30, 1016. Born around 990, he was the son of Æthelred the Unready and Ælfgifu of York. His reign was brief and tumultuous, marked by his struggle against the Danish invasion led by Canute. Despite his valiant efforts, including several battles, his reign ended after just over seven months. Following his death, possibly of natural causes or assassination, Canute became the sole ruler of England. Edmund's legacy includes his epithet "Ironside," reflecting his resilience and martial prowess during a period of significant conflict.
Canute the Great
Canute the Great, also known as Cnut, was indeed the son of Sweyn Forkbeard. While the exact date of his birth is not known, it is generally accepted that he was born around 995 AD, although some sources suggest he could have been born as early as 985 or as late as 1000 AD. Canute's mother's identity is uncertain, but it is likely that she was a Slavic princess, possibly the daughter of Mieszko I of Poland.
Canute became King of England in 1016, of Denmark in 1018, and later of Norway in 1028. He was a central figure in the politics of Europe in the 11th century and was respected by both the emperor and the pope. His reign brought peace and prosperity to England, and he was known for his support of the church and for issuing an important law code. Canute died on November 12, 1035, and was buried at Winchester Cathedral.
Harold Harefoot
Harold Harefoot was the son of Cnut, the King of England, from 1035 to 1040. His nickname "Harefoot" is believed to have originated from his alleged speed and agility in hunting. He became king after the death of his father, Cnut, and his half-brother, Harthacnut, was unable to immediately claim the throne as he was in Denmark. Harold's reign was marked by power struggles and was not unchallenged. He was eventually captured and blinded by men loyal to his half-brother, Harthacnut, and died shortly thereafter in 1040. Harthacnut then became the king of England. Harold's reign was characterised by political unrest and challenges to his authority.
Harthacanute
Harthacanute, also known as Canute III, was the King of England from 1040 to 1042. He was the son of Cnut the Great and Emma of Normandy. Harthacanute's reign was marked by turmoil, including the desecration of his half-brother Harold's body. He died at the age of 24, his death is said to have occurred at a wedding while toasting the health of the bride. His reign was followed by the restoration of the House of Wessex to the English throne under Edward the Confessor.
Edward, the Confessor
Edward the Confessor, also known as Saint Edward the Confessor, was the King of England from 1042 until his death in 1066. He was the son of King Æthelred the Unready and Emma of Normandy. Edward is the only King of England to have been canonised, and the title "Confessor" refers to a person who was persecuted for their faith but not martyred. He is known for his religious devotion and piety, and his reign was characterised by relative prosperity in England. However, his failure to leave an heir led to the Norman invasion of England in 1066. Edward the Confessor died on January 5th, 1066, at the age of 62.
Harold Godwinson
Harold Godwinson, also known as Harold II, was the last Anglo-Saxon King of England, reigning from January 1066 until his death at the Battle of Hastings the same year. He was the son of Earl Godwin of Wessex and was elected king by the Witenagemot of England and crowned by the Archbishop of York. Harold's reign was marked by significant challenges, including rival claims to the throne by William of Normandy and Harald Hardrada of Norway. His death at the Battle of Hastings marked the end of Anglo-Saxon rule in England and the beginning of the Norman conquest.